A new species of Sternacutus Gilmour, 1961 (Lamiinae: Acanthocinini), Sternacutus crucolon Lanuza-Garay, Taboada-Verona, and Rivera, new species, is described from Panama. Five new country records are provided for various Cerambycidae species: Eburodacrys megaspilota White, 1853, Atrypanius irrorellus Bates, 1885, and Isthmiade perpulchra Linsley, 1961 from Colombia; Psyrassa maesi Audureau, 2010 and Sphaerion exutum (Newman, 1841) from Panama. Seven new departmental or provincial records from Panama and Colombia are provided: Ambonus electus (Gahan, 1904) (Colombia); Alastos batesi (Pascoe, 1888) (Colombia); Hippopsis septemlineata Breuning, 1940 (Colombia); Caciomorpha palliata (White, 1855) (Colombia); Mimasyngenes icuapara Galileo and Martins, 1996 (Colombia); and Ozodes xanthophasma Bates, 1872 (Panama). Brief comments about the distributional occurrences of Ambonus electus, Atrypanius irrorellus, Ozodes xanthophasma, Caciomorpha palliata, and Holonotus nigroaeneus Bates, 1869 are provided.
Introduction
Despite extensive study by many authors, especially in recent years, the Cerambycidae fauna of Central America and South America continues to reveal unknown species (LeTirant and Santos-Silva 2023). The latest count of species in the genus Sternacutus Gilmour, 1961 (Lamiinae: Acanthocinini) includes 38 species distributed from Mexico to southern South America (Roguet 2025). This genus includes species that differ in body shape, prothoracic shape, shape of the lateral tubercles of the prothorax, form of the elytral apices, and presence or absence of a humeral carina. The shape of the centrobasal crest of the elytra is one of the most notable diagnostic features (Santos-Silva et al. 2025). These pronounced differences suggest that the included species belong to more than one genus (Heffern et al. 2024).
In 2025, during an inspection of the Cerambycidae collections in Panama (MIUP), we found a specimen of Sternacutus that differed markedly from all previously known species of the genus. The specimen was collected in a light trap on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Herein, we describe this as a new species. Additionally, we provide some new records of Cerambycidae species for the countries of Panama and Colombia and new records for their departments and provinces. Brief comments about the distributional occurrence of Ambonus electus (Gahan, 1904), Atrypanius irrorellus Bates, 1885, Ozodes xanthophasma Bates, 1872, Caciomorpha palliata (White, 1855), and Holonotus nigroaeneus Bates, 1869 are provided.
Materials and Methods
Photographs of the new species of Sternacutus, Psyrassa maesi Audureau, 2010, Sphaerion exutum (Newman, 1841), and Ozodes xanthophasma were taken in the Laboratories of Centro Regional Universitario de Colón, Universidad de Panamá, with a Canon Rebel T8i camera equipped with an AmScope 4× Plan close-up lens and a Nikkor Z MC 105-mm f/2.8 VR S aperture for angular frames, and with an EOS Rebel T100 camera, EF-S-18-55 III kit, then edited using the “tracking” technique in Affinity Photo, Adobe Photoshop, and Snapseed software.
Photographs of each of the new records treated herein for Colombia were taken in the Laboratorio de Entomología of Universidad del Tolima, with a Nikon D5600 camera equipped with a Laowa 100 mm f/2.8 2× aperture macro lens for angular frames; these were edited using Helicon Focus stacking software. Measurements were taken in millimeters using a Leica M165 C stereomicroscope with measuring ocular, also used in the study of the specimens. Identifications of specimens were made using original descriptions and available identification keys (Audureau 2010; Heffern et al. 2024; Martins 2005; Monné et al. 2020; Santos-Silva et al. 2024), as well as specimen photographs (Bezark 2025).
The taxonomic data and distributional records are based on Martínez (2000), Monné (2024a, b, c), Lanuza-Garay and Monné (2025), and Tavakilian and Chevillotte (2025).
The collection abbreviations used in the text are asfollows:CFPL,ColecciónFamiliaPardo-Locarno, Palmira, Valle del Cauca, Colombia; LABSUN, Laboratorio de Biología de Suelos, Universidad Nacional de Colombia, Bogotá, Colombia; MACO, Marianne Akers private collection, Colón, Panama; MIUP, Museo de Invertebrados G. B. Fairchild, Universidad de Panamá, Panama; STRI, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute Insect Collection, Panamá, Panama.
Results
Lamiinae Acanthocinini Sternacutus Gilmour, 1961
Sternacutus crucolon Lanuza-Garay, Taboada-Verona, and Rivera, new species
zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act: 3D15E34B-5F32-4ED0-BBA1-87FDD9CF756A
(Figs. 1–4)
Description. Female holotype. Integument mostly brownish; head orangish brown; base of antennal tubercle dark brown, scape brownish dorsally, orangish brown ventrally, basal two-thirds of antennomeres III–X orangish basally and apical third dark brown, light area gradually darker from VII to X, antennomere XI dark brown; anteclypeus and labrum yellowish; mandibles orangish brown basally, dark brown apically. Pronotum with dark-brown reniform macula on each side from about basal sulcus to middle, anteriorly with a small, dark-brown tubercle inside each macula, and dark-brown macula at base of lateral tubercles of prothorax. Elytron with 4 dark-brown maculae, one surrounding centrobasal crest, one oval-shaped located close to suture before middle of elytron, one laterally at middle of elytron, and a longitudinal macula located on center of dorsal surface posterior to middle of elytron; posterior two-thirds with sparse, dark-brown, rounded spots; epipleural base with a dark-brown macula. Coxae yellowish; pro- and mesofemora yellowish brown, lateral surfaces and most of ventral surface of femoral club dark brown, metafemur yellowish, dark brown toward apex; tibiae with basal half yellowish, apical half dark brown. Protarsomeres I–IV yellowish; protarsomere V yellowish brown; meso- and metatarsomeres I pale yellow on basal three-fourths, brown on apical fourth; meso- and metatarsomeres II–IV yellowish brown; meso- and metatarsomeres V yellowish basally, gradually becoming brown toward apex on remaining surface. Thoracic and abdominal ventrites yellowish brown. Head. Frons abundantly, minutely punctate; with a longitudinal, yellowish, pubescent band close to ventral eye lobes partially obscuring integument; centrally with slightly sparser, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Area between antennal tubercles with dense, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument; area between antennal tubercles and dorsal eye lobes with dense, yellowish pubescence obscuring integument, except glabrous median groove. Area behind dorsal eye lobes with dense, yellow pubescence close to eye, glabrous close to prothorax. Distance between dorsal eye lobes 0.26 times distance between outer margins of eyes; frontally, distance between ventral eye lobes 0.58 times distance between outer margins of eyes. Gena 0.42 times shorter than ventral eye lobe, with sparse, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Antennal tubercle with abundant, pale-yellow pubescence frontally, sparse, yellowish-brown pubescence dorsally, except apex with dense, yellow pubescence, and abundant, yellow pubescence posteriorly. Wide central area of postclypeus with dense, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument; sides of postclypeus glabrous; postclypeus with 2 long, erect, yellowish setae near central area. Labrum with sparse, yellowish pubescence posteriorly, glabrous on remaining surface, except fringe of yellowish-brown setae on anterior margin; posterior third with long, erect, brownish setae. Gulamentum smooth, glabrous. Antenna slender, reaching elytral apex at base of antennomere VII. Scape slightly sinuate ventrally; with a few long, erect, dark-brown setae near apex of ventral surface. Pedicel with moderately abundant, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument on light integumental area, and moderately abundant, brown pubescence not obscuring integument on dark integumental area; with a few long, erect, thick, dark setae ventrally. Antennomeres III–IX with abundant, whitish pubescence not obscuring integument on light integumental area, and abundant, mostly dark pubescence not obscuring integument on dark integumental area; with short, erect, whitish setae interspersed throughout; ventral surface of III–V with a few short, thick, erect, dark setae; dorsal and lateral apex of III–IX with a few short, thick, dark setae. Antennomeres X–XI mostly with dark pubescence not obscuring integument and short, erect, whitish setae interspersed throughout. Antennal formula based on length of antennomere III: scape = 0.85; pedicel = 0.07; IV = 0.81; V = 0.81; VI = 1.00; VII = 1.09; VIII = 1.63; IX = 1.72; X = 1.38; XI = 0.78. Thorax. Prothorax 0.66 times wider than long; armed with acute lateral tubercles on posterior third, apex directed posteriorly, with a few long, erect, dark setae behind tubercle. Pronotum with yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument; finely punctate, punctures abundant centrally and posteriorly; with an arched row of coarse, deep punctures near anterior and posterior margins; central dark maculae covered with sparse, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Sides of prothorax with abundant, pale-yellow pubescence. Prosternum with pale-yellow pubescence, distinctly sparser on wide central region. Prosternal process narrow, not laminiform, expanded apically, narrowest area 0.23 times procoxal width. Margins of mesanepisternum and mesepimeron with dense, pale-yellow pubescence, remaining surface with sparse, pale-yellow pubescence not obscuring integument; mesoventral process not laminiform, narrowest area 0.37 times mesocoxal width; metanepisternum and metaventrite with dense, yellow pubescence, pubescence paler and distinctly sparser on wide central region of metaventrite. Scutellar shield with abundant, yellowish-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Elytra: Surface abundantly, coarsely punctate on anterior half, punctures gradually finer, sparser toward apex on posterior half; centrobasal crest slightly elevated, with a tuft of erect, black setae dorsally, slightly inclined posteriorly; apex emarginate with outer angle triangularly acuminate; with abundant, yellowish pubescence partially obscuring integument, except areas with dark-brown pubescence not obscuring integument. Legs: Femora with abundant, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, pubescence slightly denser and paler on some areas of femoral club, especially on meso- and metafemora, dense and longer on apex. Tibiae with abundant, yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument, except sparser pubescence on dorsal and lateral surfaces of posterior third, and dense, bristly, yellowish-brown pubescence on posterior third of ventral surface; dorsal surface of posterior third of mesotibia with abundant, short, thick, erect, blackish setae; dorsal surface of posterior third of metatibia with a few short, thick, erect, dark-brown setae. Tarsomeres with abundant, yellowish pubescence dorsally not obscuring integument; metatarsomere I distinctly longer than II–III together. Abdomen: Ventrites with abundant, pale-yellowish pubescence not obscuring integument. Ventrite 5 with sparse, long, thick, erect, blackish setae interspersed, especially on apical third; apex emarginate.
Measurements (mm). Total length, 5.50; prothoracic length, 1.00; prothoracic anterior width, 1.15; prothoracic posterior width, 1.60; elytral length, 4.10; humeral width, 1.90.
Etymology. We are pleased to name this species in honor of the Centro Regional Universitario de Colón (CRUC), an academic extension of the Universidad de Panamá in the province of Colón, founded in 1981. The name is treated as a noun in apposition.
Type Specimen. Female holotype, labeled “Isla Barro Colorado, Rep. Panamá, 19-25 oct. 1984, H. Wolda leg. (T. luz)” (MIUP).
Remarks. Sternacutus crucolon is similar to Sternacutus ursulae (Lanuza-Garay and Rivera, 2023) [see photograph of the holotype male and paratype female in Lanuza-Garay and Rivera (2023) and Bezark (2025)] by the prothoracic lateral tubercles slightly longer (some shorter in S. ursulae); pronotum with two reniform maculae along the central disc (deer-track shaped in S. ursulae), anterior third without maculae on each side (with one small, inverted, triangular-shaped macula in S. ursulae), and with a dark-brown macula on the base of the lateral tubercle of the prothorax (some small in S. ursulae) (Figs. 5–6); and by the centrobasal crest of the elytra not elevated (centrobasal crest in both sexes of S. ursulae slightly elevated, subconi-cal) (Figs. 11–12). Furthermore, the distribution of integumental pubescence and elytral maculae are different, mainly by the presence of an oval-shaped macula located close to the suture before the middle of the elytra in S. crucolon (absent in S. ursulae) (Figs. 8–9). It is similar to Sternacutus akersae (Lanuza-Garay and Rivera, 2024) [see photograph of the holotype female in Lanuza-Garay and Rivera (2024) and Bezark (2025)] but differs notably by the body color pattern: S. crucolon has a predominantly brownish coloration, except for the orangish-brown head and scape, while the epipleuron, coxae, and legs are yellowish brown; in S. akersae the coloration is uniformly brownish throughout the body. Moreover, the pattern of pronotal and elytral maculae and pronotal punctation between S. crucolon and S. akersae are different: in S. crucolon, the pronotum has an elongate, reniform macula on each side of the central disc, with a dark-brown tubercle inside the macula anteriorly, and the pronotal surface is finely punctate on the central disc; in S. akersae, the pronotum has a pair of rounded maculae centrally, the pronotal surface is coarsely punctate, and punctures are abundant on the central disc (Fig. 7). Patterns of elytral maculae are different in each species (Figs. 8, 10); in S. crucolon, the centrobasal crest of the elytron is not elevated and has no arched setae, while the centrobasal crest of the elytron in S. akersae is elevated and has arched setae (Fig. 13).
Figs. 1–4.
Sternacutus crucolon, new species, holotype female. 1) Habitus, dorsal view; 2) Habitus, ventral view; 3) Habitus, lateral view; 4) Head, frontal view.
New Geographical Records
Cerambycinae Eburiini Eburodacrys White, 1853
Eburodacrys megaspilota White, 1853
(Fig. 14)
Known Distribution. Ecuador and Brazil (Amazonas) (Monné 2024a).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA (new country record), Meta department, Villavicencio, light trap, 23.XI.1994, various collectors (CFPL).
Figs. 5–13.
Characters of Sternacutus species. Pronotum, dorsal view: 5) S. crucolon, new species; 6) S. ursulae; 7) S. akersae. Right elytron, dorsal view: 8) S. crucolon, new species; 9) S. ursulae; 10) S. akersae. Elytral centrobasal crest, lateral view: 11) S. crucolon, new species; 12) S. ursulae; 13) S. akersae.
Elaphidiini Ambonus Gistel, 1848
Ambonus electus (Gahan, 1904)
(Fig. 15)
Known Distribution. Honduras (?), Nicaragua, Panama (Coclé), Colombia, Suriname, Venezuela, Brazil (Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Goiás, Mato Grosso do Sul, Rio Grande do Norte, Paraíba, Alagoas, Pernambuco, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, Paraná, and Santa Catarina), Bolivia (Santa Cruz and Tarija), Paraguay, and Argentina (Salta, Jujuy, Santiago del Estero, and Córdoba) (Lanuza-Garay and Monné 2025; Monné 2024a).
Specimen Examined. 1♂, COLOMBIA, Vichada department (new departmental record), Nueva Antioquia, Hacienda San José, 5°55′42.31″N 69°38′0.00″W,25.IV.2025,C.Taboadaleg.(LABSUN).
Comments. This species was recorded from Colombia by Martins and Galileo (2003) based on a female specimen. However, the information on the label is ambiguous, as it mentions two departments, “Cundinamarca or Boyacá”, without clearly specifying the exact locality where the specimen was collected.
Psyrassa Pascoe, 1866
Psyrassa maesi Audureau, 2010
(Fig. 16)
Known Distribution. Nicaragua (Audureau 2010; Tavakilian and Chevillote 2025).
Specimens Examined. 1♀, PANAMA (new country record), Colón Province, Fort Espinar, 9.V.1991, M. Akers leg.; 1♂, same data except 6.V.1992; 1♂, same data except 5.V.1993; 1♀, same data except 7.V.1993; 1♀, same data except 17.V.1993; 1♀, same data except 4.V.1994 (MACO).
Sphaerion Audinet-Serville, 1834
Sphaerion exutum (Newman, 1841)
(Fig. 17)
Known Distribution. United States of America (Texas: Lower Rio Grande Valley), Mexico (Chiapas and Yucatán), Nicaragua, Brazil (Pará, Piauí, Bahia, Minas Gerais, Espírito Santo, Rio de Janeiro, São Paulo, and Santa Catarina), Argentina, and Uruguay (Tavakilian and Chevillotte 2025).
Specimens Examined. 1♂, PANAMA (new country record), Colón Province, Fort Espinar, 16.V.1992, M. Akers leg. (MACO); 1 specimen, PANAMA, Coclé, Interamerican Hwy at Rio Grande, 05.V.1993, H. Stockwell leg., det. E. Giesbert, STRI_ENT_0060541 (STRI).
Figs. 14–25.
Dorsal habitus of Cerambycidae. 14) Eburodacrys megaspilota; 15) Ambonus electus; 16) Psyrassa maesi; 17) Sphaerion exutum; 18) Alastos batesi; 19) Ozodes xanthophasma; 20) Isthmiade perpulchra; 21) Atrypanius irrorellus; 22) Hippopsis septemlineata; 23) Caciomorpha palliata; 24) Mimasyngenes icuapara; 25) Holonotus nigroaeneus.
Hesperophanini Alastos Napp and Martins, 1982
Alastos batesi (Pascoe, 1888)
(Fig. 18)
Known Distribution. Costa Rica (Cartago and Puntarenas), Colombia (Magdalena, Cundinamarca, Caquetá, Risaralda, and Córdoba), Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia (Santa Cruz) (Monné 2024a).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca department (new departmental record), Calima, La Palmera, Río Bravo, light trap, 03.VI.1991, A. Papamija leg. (CFPL).
Necydalopsini Ozodes Audinet-Serville, 1834
Ozodes xanthophasma Bates, 1872
(Fig. 19)
Known Distribution. Mexico (Veracruz), Honduras, Nicaragua (Chontales), Costa Rica (Alajuela, Guanacaste, Heredia, Limón, and San José), Panama (Chiriquí), and Brazil (Goiás) (Lanuza-Garay and Monné 2025; Monné 2024a)
Specimen Examined. 1♀, PANAMA, Panama province (new provincial record), Los Pinos, Fortaleza, altos de Cerro Azul, elev. 801 m, 2.XII.2016, D. G. Zechiel leg. (MIUP).
Comments. Bates (1885) indicated this species' distribution as Tolé, Bugaba, and Volcán (Chiriquí province). Lanuza-Garay and Monné (2025) did not record any specimens of this species for other locations in Panama in their checklist.
Rhinotragini Isthmiade Thomson, 1864
Isthmiade perpulchra Linsley, 1961
(Fig. 20)
Known Distribution. Costa Rica and Panama (Panamá and Canal Zone) (Lanuza-Garay and Monné 2025; Monné 2024a).
Specimens Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA (new country record), Valle del Cauca department, Palmira, VI.1982, A. Reina leg. (CFPL); 1 specimen, Valle del Cauca, Río Bravo Calima, II.1980, Diego Torres leg; 1 specimen, Valle del Cauca, Sabaletas, Río Anchicayá, Buenaventura, XII.1996, L. C. Pardo-Locarno leg. (CFPL).
Lamiinae Acanthocinini Atrypanius Bates, 1864
Atrypanius irrorellus Bates, 1885
(Fig. 21)
Known Distribution. Mexico (Chiapas and San Luis Potosí), Guatemala, El Salvador (San Salvador), Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica (Puntarenas, Guanacaste, Limón, and San José), Panama (Panama and Chiriquí), Trinidad and Tobago, Colombia, Venezuela, Ecuador, and Bolivia (Cochabamba and Santa Cruz) (Monné 2024b).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA (new country record), Sucre department, Los Palmitos, Finca el Socorro, 9°24′50.89″N, 75°16′22. 6″W, 192 m elevation, light trap, 06.VII.2016, P. Álvarez leg. (LABSUN).
Comments. This species had previously been erroneously cited for Colombia. Although Martínez (2000) included it in her study on Colombian Cerambycidae, she clarified that its presence in the country was only considered probable and remained unconfirmed.
Agapanthiini Hippopsis Lepeletier and Audinet-Serville, 1825
Hippopsis septemlineata Breuning, 1940
(Fig. 22)
Known Distribution. Panama (Canal Zone, Colón, Panamá, and Panamá Oeste), Colombia (Bolívar and Atlántico), and Ecuador (Lanuza-Garay and Monné 2025; Monné 2024b).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA, Sucre department (new departmental record), Sincelejo, Campus Unisucre sede Puerta Roja, 9°19′3.87″N, 75°23′11.50″W, elevation 181 m, 24.V.2017, A. Olivero leg. (LABSUN).
Anisocerini Caciomorpha Thomson, 1864
Caciomorpha palliata (White, 1855)
(Fig. 23)
Known Distribution. Guatemala, Honduras, Nicaragua (Chontales and Matagalpa), Costa Rica (Alajuela, Limón, Guanacaste, and Puntarenas), Panama (Bocas del Toro, Canal Zone, Colón, and Panamá), and Colombia (Lanuza-Garay and Monné 2025; Monné 2024b).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca department (new departmental record), El Dovio, Río Dovio, 14–16.V.1996, L. Pardo-Locarno leg. (CFPL).
Comments. Apparently, this species was erroneously cited for Colombia in the catalogs of Monné, including the most recent one (Monné 2024b). It is very likely that the inclusion of Colombia resulted from the work of Galileo and Martins (1998), in which the country appears in the taxonomic key proposed for Caciomorpha (Guatemala to Colombia); however, no examined material from Colombia was reported in that study.
Desmiphorini Mimasyngenes Breuning, 1950
Mimasyngenes icuapara Galileo and Martins, 1996
(Fig. 24)
Known Distribution. Costa Rica (Guanacaste), Venezuela, Colombia (Atlántico), Brazil (São Paulo), and Argentina (Misiones) (Monné 2024b).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA, Sucre department (new departmental record), Los Palmitos, Finca El Socorro, 9°24′50.89″N, 75°16′22.6″W, 192 m elevation, 04.VI.2016, C. Taboada leg. (LABSUN).
Prioninae Solenopterini Holonotus Thomson, 1861
Holonotus nigroaeneus Bates, 1869
(Fig. 25)
Known Distribution. Nicaragua (Chontales), Costa Rica (Guanacaste, Heredia, and Alajuela), and Colombia (Valle de Cauca) (Martínez 2000; Monné 2024c).
Specimen Examined. 1 specimen, COLOMBIA, Valle del Cauca department, Buenaventura, Río Calima, light trap, XI.2011, P. Álvarez leg. (CFPL).
Comments. This species was listed from Colombia by Martínez (2000), who reported its occurrence in the department of Valle del Cauca based on specimens stored in the Museo Francisco Luis Gallego, Universidad Nacional de Colombia (UNCM); nevertheless, no specific locality was provided in that publication.
Acknowledgments
We thank Celso Hernandez for providing photographs of Sternacutus crucolon, to Nemesio Melo (Asociación Biológica de Panamá, ABIOPA) and Omar Sánchez (Agrupación de Investigación Entomológica de Panamá, ADIEPA) for providing photographs of Psyrassa maesi, Sphaerion exutum, and Ozodes xanthophasma, and for the photographic editing of the beetles treated in this manuscript in collaboration with Celso Hernández. Additionally, we would like to thank Roberto Cambra (MIUP) for approving access to the specimen used to describe this new species; to Steve Lingafelter (USDA) and Alain Audureau for confirming the records of S. exutum and P. maesi, respectively, and Daniel Heffern for his useful comments and review of English language. The fourth author thanks Julián Salazar, Luis Miguel Constantino, and Carlos López Vahamonde for their support during fieldwork. He also expresses his gratitude to María Patricia Franco (RIP) for her valuable assistance in laboratory work, specimen mounting, and labeling.
© 2026 The Author(s)
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